This paper examines the economic performance and determinants of growth for Indian Multinational Corporations (MNCs) from 2010 to 2022, employing a comprehensive econometric framework. Using panel data from the top 100 Indian MNCs by market capitalization, we investigate the relationship between firm performance metrics and various internal and external factors. Our findings reveal that R&D investment, digital transformation initiatives, and international market diversification significantly influenced performance during this period, while external macroeconomic shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, created notable structural breaks in growth patterns. Policy implications suggest targeted interventions to enhance the global competitiveness of Indian MNCs through strategic investments in innovation and digital infrastructure.