Capacity planning and management in pharmaceutical manufacturing is a critical determinant of operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and market responsiveness. Highly regulated environments impose stringent constraints on production flexibility, making strategic capacity planning essential for balancing cost, quality, and service levels. This review synthesizes insights from contemporary research on conceptual frameworks and methodologies for capacity planning in pharmaceutical systems. It examines approaches ranging from classical lot-sizing and ramp-up models to integrated supply chain planning, Lean Six Sigma practices, and regulatory-driven strategies. The analysis highlights the interplay between capacity utilization, resource allocation, and compliance requirements, while identifying gaps in existing literature such as limited integration of tactical and strategic planning and insufficient consideration of uncertainty in multi-product environments. By consolidating findings across diverse studies, this paper provides a structured understanding of capacity planning paradigms and offers directions for future research aimed at enhancing resilience and adaptability in pharmaceutical operations.