The transition toward a circular economy has become a strategic pathway for achieving sustainable development and resource efficiency. This study examines the impacts of digital infrastructure and logistics connectivity on circular economy efficiency across 63 Vietnamese provinces during the period 2015-2024. Circular Economy Efficiency (CEE) is measured using the Super-SBM model, while Digital Infrastructure (DI) and Logistics Connectivity (LC) indices are constructed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). To account for spatial dependence and interprovincial interactions, the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is employed. The results show that digital infrastructure (β = 0.0028, p < 0.01) and logistics connectivity (β = 0.0019, p < 0.01) significantly improve circular economy efficiency. Furthermore, the interaction term between digital infrastructure and logistics connectivity is positive and statistically significant, indicating strong complementarities between the two factors. The findings also reveal significant positive spatial spillover effects, implying that improvements in digital and logistics infrastructure in one province can enhance circular economy efficiency in neighboring provinces. These results highlight the importance of integrating digital transformation and logistics development within a coordinated policy framework while strengthening regional cooperation to accelerate Vietnam’s transition toward a sustainable circular economy.